Therefore Asia, the Middle East and dense forested areas in Europe and North America were not considered. ImageC5 did not feature either any type of tropical, coniferous, or desert vegetation. The type of houses observed on ImageC5 suggested a very small village which seems to be a rural Soviet construction style, as opposed to western European. Petersburg from Moldova and Ukraine has also been documented. The traffic of children for sexual exploitation to Moscow and St. In 2016, Ukraine was the first in Eastern Europe. In 2014, Russia was reported to host the second highest amount of CSAM in the world, accounting for 24%. This caused the repetition of items in several points of the landscape.Ĭhild Sexual Abuse Material ( CSAM), also called child pornography, refers to any representation, by whatever means, of a child engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a child for primarily sexual purposes. Small fractions from other points on the image were merged into the cropped area. The censoring process was done in such a way that almost 10% of the landscape was reconstructed. The image was edited by Europol to protect the victim.An orange/brick construction with a dark roof far on the right side of the image.Tall dried weeds and broken branches as well as reeds and grasslands.Rural houses and buildings with metal roofs (single and multiple pitch).A small gradient in the terrain with a few sudden drops across the land.Our first observations about the image were as follows: The red mark indicates the approximate location from which the original photo was taken from just on the northeast corner of a group of building ruins (right). The image was geolocated to a village called Kalahliya, which is southwest of Odessa in Ukraine. What we did not know then was the dark story ImageC5 hid, the number of victims affected by it and how the story itself would allow us to geolocate this image to Kalahliya, a Ukrainian village 47 km southwest of Odessa.įigure 1: ImageC5 as listed by Europol on their website #StopChildAbuse #TraceAnObject (left). Instead, there is a rather desolate landscape flooded with weeds and few rural buildings in very low resolution. The main reason: There are no mountains, landmarks, roads, posters, signs, brand names, or any remarkable object featured on it. Bellingcat team members and other Twitter users previously pointed out the difficulty of geolocating this image. From now on we will refer to this image as “ImageC5” in the text. In recent reports, Bellingcat wrote about their contribution to geolocating images in China and Russia.įor several months, the image shown in Figure 1 was live on Europol’s website. These tips are then used to inform the competent law enforcement authority to further investigate the lead and to assist in the identification of the offender and the victim.Īs of 23 March 2019, Europol has received more than 23,000 tips, which led to the identification of eight victims and the prosecution of one offender. Censored extracts from explicit images are regularly published on their website and members of the public are asked to help tracing their location or country of origin. In June 2017, Europol launched a crowdsourcing campaign called Stop Child Abuse – Trace an Object.
Although the main objective of the article is to show the method by which an image listed by Europol was geolocated, Bellingcat have decided to publish some details found in the investigation to create awareness of the subject and to support Europol’s #StopChildAbuse campaign.Įuropol currently holds more than 40 million images of child sexual abuse from across the world. The original source was shared with Europol before the publication of this report and cannot be revealed for protection of the victims and as to not impede the investigations.
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All the images accessed and used during the investigation were already censored, but for the avoidance of doubt, it must be noted that the researchers did not obtain, look or download any explicit content. The original source did not contain any explicit material. All names related to the studio are fictitious. The following report contains reference to a child modelling studio producing child sexual abuse material in 2001. Research by Carlos Gonzales, Daniel Romein, Timmi Allen and “Bo”
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